States of India

28 States of India

1. Andhra Pradesh
2. Arunachal Pradesh
3. Assam
4. Bihar
5. Chhattisgarh
6. Goa
7. Gujarat
8. Haryana
9. Himachal Pradesh
10. Jammu and Kashmir
11. Jharkhand
12. Karnataka
13. Kerala
14. Madhya Pradesh
15. Maharashtra
16. Manipur
17. Meghalaya
18. Mizoram
19. Nagaland
20. Orissa
21. Punjab
22. Rajasthan
23. Sikkim
24. Tamil Nadu
25. Tripura
26. Uttarakhand
27. Uttar Pradesh
28. West Bengal

7 Union Territories of India

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2. Chandigarh
3. The NCT of Delhi
4. Dadra and Nagar Haveli
5. Daman and Diu
6. Lakshadweep
7. Pondicherry

Knowlege Gain Websites Link

 These are Websites Link. There You Can enhance your knowledge to get success. These Websites For everyone who wants to gain knowledge. 

Indian Agencies Fighting Economic Crimes	http://www.ceib.nic.in/
Central Vigilance Commission (CVC)	http://www.cvc.nic.in/
Ministry of Law & Justice	http://lawmin.nic.in/
Ministry of Corporate Affairs	http://www.mca.gov.in/
Indian Courts	http://indiancourts.nic.in/
Supreme Court of India	http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/
District Courts of Maharashtra	http://court.mah.nic.in/courtweb/index.php
Directorate of Public Grievance	http://dpg.gov.in/
Law Commission of India	http://lawcommissionofindia.nic.in/
Central Bureau Investigation	http://www.cbi.nic.in/
Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment	http://socialjustice.nic.in/
National Human Rights Commission	http://nhrc.nic.in/
Bombay Bar Association	http://www.bombaybar.com/
Delhi High Court Bar Association	http://www.dhcba.com/
Karnataka State Bar Association	http://ksbc.org.in/index.aspx
Karnataka State Tax Bar Association	http://kstba.co.in/
Punjab Bar Council	http://www.pbbarcouncil.com/init/index.php
Punjab & Haryana High Court Bar Association	http://punjabharyanahighcourtbar.com/
Delhi Police	http://www.delhipolice.nic.in/
Kolkata Police	http://www.kolkatapolice.gov.in/
U.P Police	http://uppolice.up.nic.in/
Bihar Police	http://biharpolice.bih.nic.in/
Uttrakhand Police	http://uttaranchalpolice.com/
Indian Parliament	http://www.parliamentofindia.nic.in/
President of India	http://presidentofindia.nic.in/
Vice-President of India	http://www.vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/
Prime Minister’s Office	http://pmindia.nic.in/
Catholic Bishop's Conference Of India	http://cbci.in/
Cabinet Secretariat of India	http://cabsec.nic.in/
Constituent Assembly	http://parliamentofindia.nic.in/ls/debates/ca.htm
Reserve Bank of India	http://www.rbi.org.in/home.aspx
Securities and Exchange Board of India	http://www.sebi.gov.in/sebiweb/
National Informatics Centre	http://www.nic.in/
Planning Commission	http://planningcommission.nic.in/
Controller General of Accounts	http://www.cga.nic.in/
Income Tax Department	http://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/
Directorate of Advertising & Visual Publicity (DAVP)	http://www.davp.nic.in/
Unit Trust of India	http://www.utimf.com/Pages/default.aspx
Census of India	http://censusindia.gov.in/
Union Budget	http://indiabudget.nic.in/
Indian Railway	http://www.indianrailways.gov.in/
Directorate General of Foreign Trade	http://dgft.gov.in/

List of Presidents of London

Years            President                    Profession

1662-1677-  The Viscount Brouncker-   Mathematician  

1677-1680- Sir Joseph Williamson- Civil servant and politician   1680-1682- Sir Christopher Wren-Architect  

1682-1683- Sir John Hoskyns- Baronet 

1683-1684- Cyril Wyche- Lawyer & Politician  

1684-1686- Samuel Pepys- Naval Administrator & Member of Parliament 

1686-1689- The Earl of Carbery- Politician 

1689-1690- The Earl of Pembroke- Politician 

1690-1695- Sir Robert Southwell- Diplomat 

1695-1698- The Earl of Halifax- Poet & Statesman 

1698-1703- The Lord Somers- Jurist & Statesman 

1703-1727- Sir Isaac Newton- Physicist, Astronomer, Natural philosopher, Mathematician Alchemist, & theologian 

1727-1741- Sir Hans Sloane- Physician and collector 

1741-1752- Martin Folkes-Antiquarian 

1752-1764- The Earl of Macclesfield- Astronomer

1764-1768- The Earl of Morton- Astronomer & Representative Peer

1768-1768- James Burrow- Legal Reporter

1768-1772- James West- Politician & Antiquarian

1772-1772- James Burrow- Legal reporter

1772-1778- Sir John Pringle- Physician 

1778-1820- Sir Joseph Banks- Naturalist & Botanist 

1820-1820- William Hyde Wollaston- Chemist 

1820-1827- Sir Humphry Davy- Chemist and inventor 

1827-1830- Davies Gilbert- Engineer, Politician & Author 

1830-1838- HRH The Duke of Sussex- Sixth Son of George III of the United Kingdom 

1838-1848- The Marquess of Northampton- Nobleman 

1848-1854- The Earl of Rosse- Astronomer 

1854-1858- The Lord Wrottesley- Astronomer 

1858-1861- Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Bt.- Physiologist & Surgeon 

1861-1871- Sir Edward Sabine- Astronomer, Ornithologist, Geophysicist, & Explorer  1871-1873- Sir George Biddell Airy- Mathematician and astronomer 

1873-1878- Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker- Botanist & Explorer 

1878-1883- William H Spottiswoode- Mathematician & Physicist 

1883-1885- The Rt. Hon. Thomas Henry Huxley, P.C.- Biologist  1885-1890- Sir George Gabriel Stokes- Mathematician & Physicist 

1890-1895- The Lord Kelvin- Mathematical Physicist  1895-1900- The Lord Lister- Surgeon 

1900-1905- Sir William Huggins- Astronomer 

1905-1908- The Lord Rayleigh- Physicist 

1908-1913- Sir Archibald Geikie- Geologist and writer 

1913-1915- Sir William Crookes- Chemist and physicist 

1915-1920- Sir Joseph John Thomson- Physicist 

1920-1925- Sir Charles Sherrington- Neurophysiologist, Bacteriologist, Histologist, & Pathologist  1925-1930- The Lord Rutherford of Nelson- Physicist & Chemist 

1930-1935- Sir Frederick Hopkins- Biophysicist  1935-1940- Sir William Henry Bragg- Physicist, Mathematician & , Chemist 

1940-1945- Sir Henry Hallett Dale- Pharmacologist & Physiologist  1945-1950- Sir Robert Robinson- Organic Chemist  

1950-1955- The Lord Adrian-  Electrophysiologist  1955-1960- Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood- Physical Chemist  1960-1965-The Lord Florey- Pharmacologist & Pathologist 

1965-1970-The Lord Blackett- Physicist 

1970-1975- Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin- Physiologist & Biophysicist  1975-1980- The Lord Todd- Biochemist 

1980-1985- Sir Andrew Huxley- Physiologist & Biophysicist 

1985-1990- Sir George Porter- Chemist 

1990-1995- Sir Michael Atiyah- Mathematician 

1995-2000- Sir Aaron Klug- Chemist & Biophysicist

2000-2005- The Lord May of Oxford-Chief Scientific Adviser to the UK Government  2005-2010-The Lord Rees of Ludlow- Cosmologist & Astrophysicist  2010-present-  Sir Paul Nurse- Geneticist & Cell Biologist  

2005-2010-The Lord Rees of Ludlow- Cosmologist & Astrophysicist

Types of Powers and Functions of Rajya Sabha in India

• Legislative Powers
• Financial Powers
• Controlover Executive Powers
• Judicial Powers
• Constitutional Powers
• Electoral Powers
• Special Powers

SPECIAL POWERS

1. According to Article 249, the Parliament will be able to make law in relation to a subject in the State List if the Rajya Sabha, with the support of at least two-thirds of its members present and voting, adopts a proposal to the effect that the Parliament, in national interest, should make law in relation to that subject in the State List. 
2. The resolution for removal of the Vice- President of India has to be first moved in the Rajya Sabha.
3. In case of Central Government wants to create or abolish any all-India service like Indian Administrative Service, Indian Police Service and Indian Forest Service etc., it has to obtain the approval of the Rajya Sabha.

What is the Role of Chairman of Rajya Sabha of India?

1. The Vice-President is the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha.
2. The salary of the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is Rs 1, 25,000/- per month. 
3. He is comparable to the Lok Sabha Speaker in respect of powers. His powers, as the presiding officer of the Rajya Sabha, include admitting members to the floor, deciding points of order, maintaining order and discipline in the House, deciding issues and announcing results.
4. The position of the Vice-President, as the Chairman of Rajya Sabha, is one of esteem and dignity. 
5. The Deputy Chairman of this House is elected by its members. He or she performs these duties when the office of the Chairman is vacant or when the Vice-President is acting as the President.
6. In vacant situation offices of both the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman ,the President may appoint a member of the Rajya Sabha to discharge the duties of the Chairman, until another Deputy Chairman is elected.
7. The Chairman prepares a panel of members of the House for the purpose of presiding over its meetings in absence of both Chairman and Deputy Chairman from their chambers.

What is Dual Government System in India

• It is introduced by Robert Clive in Bengal. 
• Dual Government in Bengal the Nawab depended for his internal and external security on the British.
• As the dewan, the company directly collected its revenues, while though the right to nominate the Deputy subahdar, it controlled the nizamat or the police and judicial powers. 
• This Dual Government System in Bengal held a great advantage for the British. 
• The Nawab and his officials had the the responsibility of administration but not the power to discharge it.
• Nawab was granted Rs.53 Lakhs per annum for the administration but later on this amount was reduced to 32 Lakhs and all the responsibilities were with the Nawab and all the powers with the British. 
• This dual system was proved to be unsuccessful and in 1772 it was ended by Lord Warren Hastings on the orders of the directors of the company.
• In this time, Nawab-ud-Daulla and Saif-ud-Daull were the nawabs of Bengal. At the time of end of this system Mubaraq-ud-Daulla was the nawab of bengal.

Features of the Government Act 1935

• British rulers promised a federation of India, comprising both provinces and states.
• One third Muslim representation in the Central Legislature was guaranteed.
• Automous provincial governments in 11 provinces, under ministries responsible to legislature, would be setup.
• Federation legislature had two houses- upper houses or council of states and lower house or federal assembly.
• Two new provinces Sindh and orissa were created.
• Reforms were introduced in N.W.F.P. as were in the other provinces.
• Separate electorates were continued as before.
• The head of the Central administration was the governor general having immense powers.
• Governor General Permission was needed for finance bill to place in Central Legislature.
• The Reserve Bank of India was established.
• The federal court was established in the Center.
• Burma and Aden were separated from India.