List of Countries and Capitals

Country       Capital
Afghanistan - Kabul
Albania - Tirane
Algeria - Algiers
Andorra - Andorra la Vella
Angola - Luanda
Antigua and Barbuda - Saint John's
Argentina - Buenos Aires
Armenia - Yerevan
Australia - Canberra
Austria - Vienna
Azerbaijan - Baku
The Bahamas - Nassau
Bahrain - Manama
Bangladesh - Dhaka
Barbados - Bridgetown
Belarus - Minsk
Belgium - Brussels
Belize - Belmopan
Benin - Porto-Novo
Bhutan - Thimphu
Bolivia - La Paz (administrative); Sucre (judicial)
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo
Botswana - Gaborone
Brazil - Brasilia
Brunei - Bandar Seri Begawan
Bulgaria - Sofia
Burkina Faso - Ouagadougou
Burundi - Bujumbura
Cambodia - Phnom Penh
Cameroon - Yaounde
Canada - Ottawa
Cape Verde - Praia
Central African Republic - Bangui
Chad - N'Djamena
Chile - Santiago
China - Beijing
Colombia - Bogota
Comoros - Moroni
Congo, Republic of the - Brazzaville
Congo, Democratic Republic of the - Kinshasa
Costa Rica - San Jose
Cote d'Ivoire - Yamoussoukro (official); Abidjan (de facto)
Croatia - Zagreb
Cuba - Havana
Cyprus - Nicosia
Czech Republic - Prague
Denmark - Copenhagen
Djibouti - Djibouti
Dominica - Roseau
Dominican Republic - Santo Domingo
East Timor (Timor-Leste) - Dili
Ecuador - Quito
Egypt - Cairo
El Salvador - San Salvador
Equatorial Guinea - Malabo
Eritrea - Asmara
Estonia - Tallinn
Ethiopia - Addis Ababa
Fiji - Suva
Finland - Helsinki
France - Paris
Gabon - Libreville
The Gambia - Banjul
Georgia - Tbilisi
Germany - Berlin
Ghana - Accra
Greece - Athens
Grenada - Saint George's
Guatemala - Guatemala City
Guinea - Conakry
Guinea-Bissau - Bissau
Guyana - Georgetown
Haiti - Port-au-Prince
Honduras - Tegucigalpa
Hungary - Budapest
Iceland - Reykjavik
India - New Delhi
Indonesia - Jakarta
Iran - Tehran
Iraq - Baghdad
Ireland - Dublin
Israel - Jerusalem*
Italy - Rome
Jamaica - Kingston
Japan - Tokyo
Jordan - Amman
Kazakhstan - Astana
Kenya - Nairobi
Kiribati - Tarawa Atoll
Korea, North - Pyongyang
Korea, South - Seoul
Kosovo - Pristina
Kuwait - Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan - Bishkek
Laos - Vientiane
Latvia - Riga
Lebanon - Beirut
Lesotho - Maseru
Liberia - Monrovia
Libya - Tripoli
Liechtenstein - Vaduz
Lithuania - Vilnius
Luxembourg - Luxembourg
Macedonia - Skopje
Madagascar - Antananarivo
Malawi - Lilongwe
Malaysia - Kuala Lumpur
Maldives - Male
Mali - Bamako
Malta - Valletta
Marshall Islands - Majuro
Mauritania - Nouakchott
Mauritius - Port Louis
Mexico - Mexico City
Micronesia, Federated States of - Palikir
Moldova - Chisinau
Monaco - Monaco
Mongolia - Ulaanbaatar
Montenegro - Podgorica
Morocco - Rabat
Mozambique - Maputo
Myanmar (Burma) - Rangoon (Yangon); Naypyidaw or Nay Pyi Taw (administrative)
Namibia - Windhoek
Nauru - no official capital; government offices in Yaren District
Nepal - Kathmandu
Netherlands - Amsterdam; The Hague (seat of government)
New Zealand - Wellington
Nicaragua - Managua
Niger - Niamey
Nigeria - Abuja
Norway - Oslo
Oman - Muscat
Pakistan - Islamabad
Palau - Melekeok
Panama - Panama City
Papua New Guinea - Port Moresby
Paraguay - Asuncion
Peru - Lima
Philippines - Manila
Poland - Warsaw
Portugal - Lisbon
Qatar - Doha
Romania - Bucharest
Russia - Moscow
Rwanda - Kigali
Saint Kitts and Nevis - Basseterre
Saint Lucia - Castries
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines - Kingstown
Samoa - Apia
San Marino - San Marino
Sao Tome and Principe - Sao Tome
Saudi Arabia - Riyadh
Senegal - Dakar
Serbia - Belgrade
Seychelles - Victoria
Sierra Leone - Freetown
Singapore - Singapore
Slovakia - Bratislava
Slovenia - Ljubljana
Solomon Islands - Honiara
Somalia - Mogadishu
South Africa - Pretoria (administrative); Cape Town (legislative); Bloemfontein (judiciary)
South Sudan - Juba (Relocating to Ramciel)
Spain - Madrid
Sri Lanka - Colombo; Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte (legislative)
Sudan - Khartoum
Suriname - Paramaribo
Swaziland - Mbabane
Sweden - Stockholm
Switzerland - Bern
Syria - Damascus
Taiwan - Taipei
Tajikistan - Dushanbe
Tanzania - Dar es Salaam; Dodoma (legislative)
Thailand - Bangkok
Togo - Lome
Tonga - Nuku'alofa
Trinidad and Tobago - Port-of-Spain
Tunisia - Tunis
Turkey - Ankara
Turkmenistan - Ashgabat
Tuvalu - Vaiaku village, Funafuti province
Uganda - Kampala
Ukraine - Kyiv
United Arab Emirates - Abu Dhabi
United Kingdom - London
United States of America - Washington D.C.
Uruguay - Montevideo
Uzbekistan - Tashkent
Vanuatu - Port-Vila
Vatican City (Holy See) - Vatican City
Venezuela - Caracas
Vietnam - Hanoi
Yemen - Sanaa
Zambia - Lusaka
Zimbabwe - Harare

Colleges and Institutes in India

Colleges and Institutes For All types of Education....

• Prestige Institute of Management, Dewas
• Vivekanand College, Surat
• Shri Jamuna Ram Degree College, Chitbaragaon
• Jayadev Institute of Social Sciences & Research, Bhubaneswar
• Annammal College of Education for Women, Thoothukudi
• Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli
• Nirma University Institute of Technology, Ahmedabad
• Mangalayatan Institute of Education & Research, Aligarh
• Upadhi PG College, Pilibhit
• Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Medical College, Rajkot
• City Pulse Institute of Film & Television, Gandhinagar
• St. Xavier's College of Arts, Science, Commerce, Mapusa
• B.I.T. Sindri, Jharkhand
• Christian College of Education, Anand
• Amar Bhartiya Shiksha Mahavidyalaya, Gwalior
• Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thoothukudi
• Vel's College of Pharmacy, Chennai
• Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tiruchirapalli
• College of Agriculture, Bangalore
• Bhagalpur National College, Bhagalpur
• Mehsana Urban Institute of Bio-Sciences, Mehsana
• Government College of Pharmacy, Aurangabad
• Saifia Hamidia Unani Medical College, Burhanpur
• Institute of Management and Entrepreneurship Development, Pune
• Arcade Business College, Patna
• Symbiosis Institute of Computer Studies and Research, Pune
• Government College of Education, Yavatmal
• Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology, Chikmagalur
• SECAB ARSI Arts Science & Commerce College for Women, Bijapur
• Unique Institute of Management, Pune
• Modern College of Management & Information Technology, Korba
• Smt. Chinnamma Basappa Patil Degree College of Arts & Commerce, Chincholi
• Sir P.P. Institute of Science, Bhavnagar
• Belgaum Institute of Management Studies, Belgaum
• CMR College of Nursing, Bangalore
• Trident B. Ed College, Ara
• Rajiv Academy of Pharmacy, Mathura
• Heeralal Yadav Balika Degree College, Lucknow
• Islamiah College (Autonomous), Vaniyambadi
• Seethalakshmi Achi College for Women, Pallathur
• Tirhut College of Agriculture, Dholi
• Sri Kandhan College of Arts & Science, Erode
• Kohinoor College of Hotel & Tourism Management Studies, Mumbai
• Thiagarajar College, Madurai
• Subharti Nursing College, Meerut
• Government M.H. College of Home Science and Science for Women, Jabalpur
• N.C. Institute of Technology, Israna, Panipat District
• KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Bangalore
• M.K.B. Mahila B.Ed. Mahavdyalaya, Jaipur
• Institute of Fine Arts, Varanasi
• T. John Institute Of Management And Science, Bangalore
• Women's College, Silchar
• Bengal Institute of Technology & Management, Santiniketan
• Institute of Science, Nagpur
• Government Serchhip College, Serchhip
• Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Management & Computer Applications, Moradabad
• College of Agriculture, Bhubaneswar
• S.V. Institute Of Management, Kadi
• College of Engineering, Cherthala
• Management and Commerce Institute of Global Synergy, Ajmer
• Government Post Graduate College, Dwarahat
• Madras School Of Social Work, Egmore
• Asian Workers Development Institute, Rourkela
• Vidya Sagar College Of Management & Technology, Patiala
• St. Andrew's College, Gorakhpur
• A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomus), Nagapatinam
• Indore Christian College, Indore
• Green Valley College of Education, Research and Training, Pampore
• Yogada Satsanga Mahavidyalaya, Jagannathpur
• PJ College of Management and Technology, Kesora
• Regional Institute of Education, Mysore
• Ghubaya College of Engineering & Technology, Ferozpur District
• Narayana Nursing Institutions, Nellore
• J.T. Mahajan College of Engineering, Faizpur
• Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology, Vasad
• Swami Vivekanand B.ED. College, Bihar
• Jorhat College, Jorhat
• Rungta College of Engineering & Technology, Raipur
• National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata
• Roorkee Institute of Technology, Roorkee
• KIIT College of Education, Gurgaon
• Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla
• KCRI College, Alwar
• Athena B.Ed. College, Bankura
• Sri Ganesh College of Engineering and Technology, Puducherry
• Synod College, Shillong
• Veerbhumi Govt. P.G. College, Mahoba
• Konark Institute of Science & Technology, Bhubaneswar
• Kongu Arts and Science College, Erode
• Majhighariani Institute of Technology & Science, Rayagada
• Govindammal Aditanar College for Women, Tiruchendur
• Murti Devi Memorial B.Ed. College, Sriganganagar
• Hindu Kanya College, Kapurthala
• Maharana Pratap Dental College, Kanpur
• Dasmesh College Of Nursing, Faridkot
• Bearys Institute of Technology, Mangalore
• Mudo Tamo Memorial College, Ziro
• Chandigarh College of Engineering & Technology, Chandigarh
• Central College of Information Technology, Raipur
• Kawa College of Education, Jammu
•  

Objective Question Answer of Indian Consitution

Question- The President of India is elected by a proportional representation system through single transferable vote. This implies that-

Answer-MPs and MLAs of different States have different numbers of votes

Question- The original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India extends to-

Answer-disputes between the Government of India and one or more States

Question- Which is a function of the Pro-Tem Speaker of the Lok Sabha?

Answer-Swear in the members of the House and hold the charge till a regular Speaker is elected

Question- Which is not true regarding the draft National Food Security Bill?

Answer-The draft Bill has been cleared by the empowered Group of Ministers of discussion in the Cabinet

Question- In addition to Macaulay's Minutes on Education, another landmark Draft is also attributed to him.

Answer-Draft of the Maritime Trade Policy

Question- Who said that Directive Principles are "aimed at furthering the goals of the social revolution or to foster this revolution by establishing the conditions necessary for its achievement"?

Answer-Granville Austin

Question- Which has enhanced its power most from the system of delegated legislation?

Answer-Bureaucracy

Question- According to Marx, the state came into being to-

Answer-Legalize exploitation of the poor by the state

Question- Which institution in a federal system is called 'Balancing Wheel of the Constitution'?

Answer-Judiciary

Question- Which countries has the beginning of Bureaucracy in the 'spoil system'?-

Answer-U.S.A

Question- A dispute relating to the election of the Vice-President in India is decided by the.

Answer-Supreme Court

Question- A socialist state lays emphasis on.

Answer- Economic security

Question- 'West Minister Model' stands for a particular type of.

Answer- Government

Question- How many Committees are Committees of Parliament-

Answer- These are three-

·         Public Accounts Committee

·         Estimates Committee

·         Committee On Public Undertakings

Question- When an Ordinary Bill is referred to a joint sitting of both the Houses of India Parliament, it has to be passed by a.

Answer- Simple majority of the total number of members of both the Houses present and voting

Question- What was the 'privy purse' in the context of the history of Modern India?-

Answer- A grant given by the Government of India to the erstwhile Princes of India

Question- The Chief Election Commissioner of India holds office for a period of .

Answer- for six years or till the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier.

Question- The Chairman of the Finance Commission must be.

Answer- A person having experience in Public Affairs.

Question- Who was the first Election Commissioner of India.

Answer- Sukumar Sen

Question- A law made by the Judiciary is known as.

 Answer- Case law

Question- What is the important attributes of Parliamentary from of government .

Answer- Collective responsibility of the Council of Ministers of the Parliament

Question- Which of the following does not come under legislative control over administration?

Answer- Budget session

Question- From which fund can the unanticipated expenditure be met without the prior approval of the Parliament?

Answer- Contingency Fund of India

Question- What is the Right to Public Office" .

Answer- Civil right

Question- What is the retire age of Supreme Court of India?

Answer- 65 years

Question- Who is the Chief Law Officer of India?

Answer- Attorney General

Question- Which bills cannot be introduced first in the Rajya Sabha?

Answer- Money Bill

Question- Who is the Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces in India?

Answer-  The President

Question- The Ninth Schedule of the Constitution of India was?

Answer- Added by the 1st Amendment

Question- What can be the maximum period of gap between any two sessions of the Indian Parliament?

Answer- Six months

Question- On which recommendations Finances are distributed between the Center and the States.

Answer- Finance Commission

Question- The finance Commission is constituted by the President.

Answer- In Every 5 years

Question- The Sarkaria Commission was set up for the review of the relation between –

Answer- The Center and the States

Question- The speaker of the Lok Sabha .

Answer- Votes only in case of tie

Question- The final approval to the draft Five Year Plan is given by the –

Answer- National Development Council

Question- The first state in India which was created on linguistic basis of.

Answer- Andhra Pradesh

Question- The 10th Plan allocations gave the maximum boost to.

Answer- Agriculture

Question- Article 24 of the Indian Constitution prohibits employment of children in any factory below the age of.

Answer- 14 years

Question- Which Amendment of the Constitution reduced the voting age from 21 years to 18 years?

Answer-  61st Amendment

Question- During which Five Year Plan was Green Revolution initiated in India?

Answer-  3rd

Question- What is equal pay for equal work for men and women?

Answer- Fundamental Right

Question- What is Planning Commission?

Answer- Quasi-political body

Question- Panchayats –

Are authorised to levy and collect taxes, duties, tolls and fees

Question- The Parliament has power to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List provided it is in the -National interest

Question- When were the Fundamental Duties of the Indian citizens incorporated in the Constitution?

Answer- 1976

Question- Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

Answer-  Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

Question- A list of national languages can be traced in the ..of the indian Constitution.

Answer- 8thSchedule

Question- When National Development council was constituted?

Answer- August 6, 1952

Question- The concept of "Minimum Needs" was an innovation of which one of the following Five Year Plans?

Answer- Fifth

Question- The 97th Constitutional Amendment dealt with.

Answer- Anti-Defection Bill

Question- Who approves the Draft outline of Five Year Plan?

Answer- The National Development Council

Question- Which of the following tax gives the maximum revenue to the Union Budget?

Answer- Excise Duty

Question- In which year was the Tashkent Pact signed between India and Pakistan?

Answer- 1966

Question- Holding of elections for the Village panchayat is decided by.

Answer- The State Government

Question- What Colours of Indian Flags in ascending order.

Answer- Green, white and saffron

Question- The ' President Rule ' in the State means that the State is ruled by.

Answer- The Governor of the State

Question- The members of Rajya Sabha are.

Answer- Elected by the elected members of the State Assemblies

Question- Indian Constitution does not provide any procedure to remove the.

Answer- Governors

Question- Article 356 of the constitution of India provides for.

Answer- Imposition of President's Rule in a State

Question- Who is the ex-officio chairman of the Rajya Sabha?

Answer- Vice-President of India

Question- In which year were the Indian States reorganised on the linguistic basis?

Answer- 1956

Question- Which of the following is not a tool of legislative control over administration in india?

Answer- Dissoluton of House

Question- AGMARK Act came into force in India.

Answer- 1937

Question- Mandal Commission established for reservation for backward classes submitted its report in.

Answer- 1980

Question- National Commission for Scheduled Castes/scheduled Tribes was constituted.

Answer- On the basis of 65th Amendment of constitution

Question- Constitutional Provisions allows the propagation of one's own religion ?

Answer- Article 25(1)

Question- Panchayat Raj System was made constitutional through.

Answer- 73rd Amendment of the Constitution

Question- Articles of Constitution provides the rights of running their own educational institutions to religious minorities?

Answer- Article 30(1)

Question- Articles is the basis of representation of S.C./S.T. in Lok Sabha elections?

Answer- Art 330

Question- Information Technology Act in India was introduced in the Year.

Answer- 2000

Question- Consumer Protection Act (COPRA) was passed.

Answer- 1966

Question- Which article of the Constitution provides the Parliament the Power the objects to amend Constitution?

Answer- 368

Question- Narsinham committee related to.

Answer- Banking structure reforms

Question- states do not have a bicameral Legislature?

Answer- Madhya Pradesh

Indian Rivers Length-

1. Indus - 2,900
2. Brahmaputra - 2,900
3. Ganga - 2,510
4. Godavari - 1,450
5. Narmada - 1,290
6. Krishna - 1,290
7. Mahanadi - 890
8. Kaveri - 760

List of Chief of Air Staff-

1. Air Marshal Sir Thomas Elmhirst 15 August 1947-21 February 1950
2. Air Marshal Sir Ronald Chapman 22 February 1950-9 December 1951
3. Air Marshal Sir Gerald Gibbs 10 December 1951-31 March 1954
4. Air Marshal S. Mukherjee  01 April 1954-8 November 1960
5. Air Marshal A.M. Engineer 01 December 1960-31 July 1964
6. Air Chief Marshal Arjan Singh 01 August 1964-15 July 1969
7. Air Chief Marshal P.C. Lal 16 July 1969-15 January 1973
8. Air Chief Marshal O.P. Mehra 16 January 1973-31 January 1976
9. Air Chief Marshal H. Moolgavkar 01 February 1976-31 August 1978
10. Air Chief Marshal I.H. Latif 01 September 1978-31 August 1981
11. Air Chief Marshal Dilbagh Singh 01 September 1981-4 September 1984
12. Air Chief Marshal L.M. Katre 05 September 1984-1 July 1985
13. Air Chief Marshal D.A. La Fontaine 03 July 1985-31 July 1988
14. Air Chief Marshal S.K. Mehra 01 August 1988-31 July 1991
15. Air Chief Marshal N.C. Suri 01 August 1991-31 July 1993
16. Air Chief Marshal S.K. Kaul 01 August 1993-31 December 1995
17. Air Chief Marshal S.K. Sareen 01 January 1996-31 December 1998
18. Air Chief Marshal A.Y. Tipnis 01 January 1999-31 December 2001
19. Air Chief Marshal S. Krishnaswamy 31 December 2001-31 December 2004
20. Air Chief Marshal S. P. Tyagi 31 December 2004-31 March 2007
21. Air Chief Marshal F.H. Major 31 March 2007 - 31 May 2009
22. Air Chief Marshal P.V. Naik 01 June 2009 - 31 July 2011
23. Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne 31 July 2011 – Incumbent

List of Chief of Naval Staff-

1. Rear Admiral J.T.S. Hall 15 August 1947-14 August 1948
2. Admiral Sir Edward Parry 15 August 1948-13 October 1951
3. Admiral Sir Mark Pizey 14 October 1951-21 July 1955
4. Vice Admiral Sir Stephen Carlill 22 July 1955-21 April 1958
5. Vice Admiral R.D. Katari 22 April 1958-4 June 1962
6. Vice Admiral B.S. Soman 05 June 1962-3 March 1966
7. Admiral A.K. Chatterjee 04 March 1966-27 February 1970
8. Admiral S.M. Nanda 28 February 1970-28 February 1973
9. Admiral S.N. Kohli 01 March 1973-28 February 1976
10. Admiral J.L. Cursetji 01 March 1976-28 February 1979
11. Admiral R.L. Pereira 01 March 1979-28 February 1982
12. Admiral O.S. Dawson 01 March 1982-30 November 1984
13. Admiral R.H. Tahiliani 01 December 1984-30 November 1987
14. Admiral J.G. Nadkarni 01 December 1987-30 November 1990
15. Admiral Ramdas 01 December 1990-30 September 1993
16. Admiral V.S. Shekhawat 01 October 1993-30 September 1996
17. Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat 01 October 1996-30 December 1998
18. Admiral Sushil Kumar 31 December 1998 - 29 December 2001
19. Admiral Madhvendra Singh 29 December 2001 - 31 July 2004
20. Admiral Arun Prakash 01 August 2004 - 30 October 2006
21. Admiral Sureesh Mehta 30 October 2006 - 31 August 2009
22. Admiral Nirmal Verma 31 August 2009- Incumbent

List of Chief of Army Staff-

1. General Maharaj Rajendra Sinhji 01 April 1955-14 May 1955
2. General S.M. Srinagesh 15 May 1955-7 May 1957
3. General K.S. Thimayya 08 May 1957-7 May 1961
4. General R.N. Thapar 08 May 1961-19 November 1962
5. General J.N. Choudhuri 20 November 1962-7 June 1966
6. General P.P. Kumaramangalam 08 June 1966-7 June 1969
7. General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw 08 June 1969-31 December 1972
8. Field Marshal S.H.F.J. Manekshaw 01 January 1973-14 January 1973
9. General G.G. Bewoor 15 January 1973-31 May 1975
10. General T.N. Raina 01 June 1975-31 May 1978
11. General O.P. Malhotra 01 June 1978-31 May 1981
12. General K.V. Krishna Rao 01 June 1981-31 July 1983
13. General A.S. Vaidya 01 August 1983-31 January 1986
14. General K. Sunderji 01 February 1986-30 April 1988
15. General V.N. Sharma 01 May 1988-30 June 1990
16. General S.F. Rodrigues 01 July 1990-30 June 1993
17. General B.C. Joshi 01 July 1993-18 November 1994
18. General S. Roychowdhury 22 November 1994-30 September 1997
19. General V.P. Malik 01 October 1997-30 September 2000
20. General S. Padmanabhan 30 September 2000-31 December 2002
21. General J.J. Singh 01 February 2005 - 30 September 2007
22. General Deepak Kapoor 30 September 2007-30 March 2010
23. General V.K. Singh 31 March 2010 – Incumbent

List of Chairmen of UPSC-

1. Sir Ross Barker 1926-1932
2. Sir David Petrie August 1932-1936
3. Sir Eyre 1937-1942
4. Sir F.W. Robertson 1942-1947
5. Sh. H.K. Kripalani 1 April 1947-13 January 1949
6. Sh. R.N. Banerjee 14 January 1949-9 May 1955
7. Sh. N. Govindarajan 10 May 1955-9 December 1955
8. Sh. V.S. Hejmadi 10 December 1955-9 December 1961
9. Sh. B.N. Jha 11 December 1961-22 February 1967
10. Sh. K.R. Damle 18 April 1967-2 March 1971
11. Sh. R.C.S. Sarkar 11 May 1971-1 February 1973
12. Dr. A.R. Kidwai 5 February 1973-4 February 1979
13. Dr. M.L. Shahare 16 February 1979-16 February 1985
14. Sh. H.K.L. Capoor 18 February 1985-5 March 1990
15. Sh. J.P. Gupta 05 March 1990-2 June 1992
16. Smt. R.M. Bathew (Kharbuli) 23 September 1992-23 August 1996
17. Sh. S.J.S. Chhatwal 23 August 1996-30 September 1996
18. Sh. J.M. Qureshi 30 September 1996-11 December 1998
19. Lt. Gen. (Retd.) Surinder Nath 11 December 1998-25 June 2002
20. Sh. P.C. Hota 25 June 2002-8 September 2003
21. Sh. Mata Prasad 08 September 2003-04 January 2005
22. Dr. S.R. Hashim 04 January 2005-01 April 2006
23. Sh. Gurbachan Jagat 01 April 2006-30 June 2007
24. Prof. D.P. Agrawal Incumbent

List of Chief Election Commissioner of India-

1. Sukumar Sen 21 March 1950-19 December 1958
2. K.V.K. Sundaram 20 December 1958-30 September 1967
3. S.P. Sen Verma 01 October 1967-30 September 1972
4. Dr Nagendra Singh 01 October 1972-6 February 1973
5. T. Swaminathan 07 February 1973-17 June 1977
6. S.L. Shakdhar 18 June 1977-17 June 1982
7. R.K. Trivedi 18 June 1982-31 December 1985
8. R.V.S. Peri Sastri 01 January 1986-25 November 1990
9. Smt V.S. Rama Devi  26 November 1990-11 December 1990
10. T.N. Seshan 12 December 1990-11 December 1996
11. M.S. Gill 12 December 1996-13 June 2001
12. J.M. Lyngdoh 14 June 2001 - 7 February 2004
13. T.S. Krishna Murthy 08 February 2004 - 15 May 2005
14. B.B. Tandon 16 May 2005 - 29 June 2006
15. N. Gopalaswamy 30 June 2006 - 20 April 2009
16. Navin Chawla 21 April 2009 - 29 July 2010
17. S.Y. Qureshi 30 July – Incumbent

List of Chief Justice of India-

1. Harilal J. Kania   26 January 1950 - 6 November 1951
2. M. Patanjali Sastri   7 November 1951 - 3 January 1954
3. Mehar Chand Mahajan   4 January 1954 - 22 December 1954
4. B.K. Mukherjea   23 December 1954 - 31 January 1956
5. S.R. Das   01 February 1956 - 30 September 1959
6. Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha   1 October 1959 - 31 January 1964
7. P.B. Gajendragadkar   1 February 1964 - 15 March 1966
8. A.K. Sarkar   16 March 1966 - 29 June 1966
9. K. Subba Rao   30 June 1966 - 11 April 1967
10. K.N. Wanchoo   12 April 1967 - 24 February 1968
11. M. Hidayatullah   25 February 1968 - 16 December 1970
12. I.C. Shah   17 December 1970 - 21 January 1971
13. S.M. Sikri  22 January 1971 - 25 April 1973
14. A.N. Ray   26 April 1973 - 27 January 1977
15. M.H. Beg   28 January 1977 - 21 February 1978
16. Y.V. Chandrachud   22 February 1978 - 11 July 1985
17. P.N. Bhagwati   12 July 1985 - 20 December 1986
18. R.S. Pathak   21 December 1986 - 18 June 1989
19. E.S. Venkataramaiah   19 June 1989 - 17 December 1989
20. S. Mukherjee   18 December 1989 - 25 September 1990
21. Ranganath Mishra   26 September 1990 - 24 November 1991
22. K.N. Singh   25 November 1991 - 12 December 1991
23. M.H. Kania   13 December 1991 - 17 November 1992
24. I.M. Sharma   18 November 1992 - 11 February 1993
25. M.N. Venkatachalaiah   12 February 1993 - 24 October 1994
26. A.M. Ahmadi   25 October 1994 - 24 March 1997
27. J.S. Verma   25 March 1997 - 17 January 1998
28. M.M. Punchhi   18 January 1998 - 9 October 1998
29. A.S. Anand   10 October 1998 - 31 October 2001
30. S.P. Bharucha   01 November 2001 - 5 May 2002
31. B.N. Kirpal   6 May 2002 - 7 November 2002
32. G.B. Pattanaiak   8 November 2002 - 18 December 2002
33. V.N. Khare   19 December 2002 - 1 May 2004
34. S. Rajendra Babu   02 May 2004 - 31 May 2004
35. R.C. Lahoti   01 June 2004 - 31 October 2005
36. Y.K. Sabharwal   01 November 2005 - 14 January 2007
37. K.G.Balakrishnan    14 January 2007 - 12 May 2010
38. S.H.Kapadia   12 May 2010 – Incumbent

List of Prime Minister of India-

1. Jawaharlal Nehru    (1889-1964) 15 August 1947-27 May 1964
2. Gulzari Lal Nanda    (1898-1997) (Acting) 27 May 1964-9 June 1964
3. Lal Bahadur Shastri    (1904-1966) 09 June 1964-11 January 1966
4. Gulzari Lal Nanda    (1898-1997) (Acting) 11 January 1966-24 January 1966
5. Indira Gandhi    (1917-1984) 24 January1966-24 March 1977
6. Morarji Desai    (1896-1995) 24 March 1977-28 July 1979
7. Charan Singh    (1902-1987) 28 July 1979-14 January 1980
8. Indira Gandhi    (1917-1984) 14 January 1980-31 October 1984
9. Rajiv Gandhi    (1944-1991) 31 October 1984-1 December 1989
10. Vishwanath Pratap Singh    (B-1931) 02 December 1989-10 November 1990
11. Chandra Shekhar    (b-1927) 10 November 1990-21 June 1991
12. P.V. Narasimha Rao    (1921-2004) 21 June 1991-16 May 1996
13. Atal Bihari Vajpayee    (b-1926) 16 May 1996-01 June 1996
14. H.D. Deve Gowda    (B-1933) 01 June 1996-21 April 1997
15. I.K. Gujral    (b-1933) 21 April 1997-18 March 1998
16. Atal Bihari Vajpayee   (B-1926) 19 March 1998 -13 October 1999
17. Atal Bihari Vajpayee    (B-1926) 13 October 1999 - 22 May 2004
18. Dr. Manmohan Singh    22 May 2004 – Incumbent

List of Vice-President of India-

1. Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) 1952-1962
2. Dr Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) 1962-1967
3. Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884-1980) 1967-1969
4. Gopal Swarup Pathak (1896-1982) 1969-1974
5. B.D. Jatti (1913-2002) 1974-1979
6. Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah (1905-1992) 1979-1984
7. R. Venkataraman (B-1910) 1984-1987
8. Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999) 1987-1992
9. K.R. Narayanan (1920-1925) 1992-1997
10. Krishan Kant (1927-2002) 1997-2002
11. Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (b-1923) 2002-2007
12. Mohammad Hamid Ansari (B - 1937) 11 August 2007 – Incumbent

List of President of India-Start to Till

1. Dr Rajendra Prasad (1884-1963) 26 January 1950-13 May 1962
2. Dr Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) 13 May 1962-13 May 1967
3. Dr Zakir Hussain (1897-1969) 13 May 1967-3 May 1969
4. Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884-1980) (Acting) 3 May 1969-20 July 1969
5. Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah (1905-1992) (Acting) 20 July 1969-24 August 1969
6. Varahagiri Venkatagiri (1884-1980) 24 August 1969-24 August 1974
7. Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed (1905-1977) 24 August 1974-11 February 1977
8. B.D. Jatti (1913-2002) (Acting) 11 February 1977-25 July 1977
9. Neelam Sanjiva Reddy (1913-1996) 25 July 1977-25 July 1982
10. Giani Zail Singh (1916-1994) 25 July 1982-25 July 1987
11. R. Venkataraman (B-1910) 25 July 1987-25 July 1992
12. Dr Shankar Dayal Sharma (1918-1999) 25 July 1992-25 July 1997
13. K.R. Narayanan (1920-2005) 25 July 1997-25 July 2002
14. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam (Birth-1931) 25 July 2002-25 July 2007
15. Smt. Pratibha Devisingh Patil (B - 1934) 25 July 2007 – Incumbent

Basic Knowledge of India

National Flag- The National Flag is a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron (kesaria) at the top, white in the middle and dark green at the bottom in equal proportion.

National Bird- peacock, Pavo cristatus,

National Flower- Lotus (Nelumbo Nucipera Gaertn)

National Tree- Indian fig tree, Ficus bengalensis,

National Anthem- Jana Gana Mana

National River- The Ganga ( longest river of India flowing over 2,510 kms of mountains, valleys and 

plains.)

National Aquatic Animal- Dolphin

State Emblem- The state emblem is an adaptation from the Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka.It adopted by the Government of India on 26 January 1950. The words Satyameva Jayate from Mundaka Upanishad, meaning 'Truth Alone Triumphs', are inscribed below the abacus in Devanagari script.

National Calendar- The national calendar based on the Saka Era, with Chaitra as its first month and a normal year of 365 days was adopted from 22 March 1957

National Animal- Tigar ( Panthera tigris)

National Song-  Vande Mataram, composed in Sanskrit by Bankimchandra Chatterji.

National Fruit- Mango (Mughal emperor Akbar planted 100,000 mango trees in Darbhanga, Bihar at a place now known as Lakhi Bagh.)

National Game- Hockey

Currency Symbol- Rupee (The Indian Rupee sign was adopted by the Government of India on 15th July, 2010.The symbol, conceptualised and designed by Udaya Kumar, a post graduate in Design from Indian Institute of Technology Bombay.)

Books and Author

• A Pair of Blue Eyes- Thomash Hardy              
• A Passage to India- E. M. Foster       
• A Tale of Two Cities- Charls Dikens
• A Voice of Freedom- Nayantara Shehgal     
• A week with Gandhi- L. Fischer        
• Adventures of Sherlock Homes- Arther Canon Doel               
• All the Prime Minister's Men- Janardan Thakur       
• Allahabad Prasasti- Harisen               
• A Journey- Tony Blair            
• A Bend in the River- V. S. Naipaul   
• A Gift of Monotheists- Ram Mohan Roy      
• A Revenue Stamp (autobiography)- Amrita Pritam 
• A Minister and his Responsibilities- Morarji Bhai Desai       
• A Nation is Making- Surendra Nath Bandhopadhye
• Amitabh- the Making of the Superstar- Susmita Das Gupta
• Amukta Malyad- Krishna Deva Raya               
• An Unknown Indian- Nirod C. Choudhary    
• A Strange and Sublime Address- Amit Choudhary   
• A Suitable Boy- Bikram Seth
• Aparajito- Bibhuti Bhushan Bandopadhyay
• Apple Cart- G. B. Shaw         
• Aranyak- Bibhuti- Bhushan Bandopadhyay 
• Arogyaniketan- Tarashankar Bandopadhyay              
• Astyadhaye- Panini               
• Bakul Katha- Ashapurna Devi            
• Ban Palashir Padabali- Ramapada Chowdhury           
• Anand Math- Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye         
• Anna Karenina- Leo Tolstoy               
• Bela Obela Kalbela- Jibanananda Das            
• Bengali Zamindar- Nilmoni Mukherjee        
• Bicramanchadev- Bilhon     
• Bandit Queen- Mala Sen     
• Banpalashir Padabali- Ramapada Chowdhuri
• Blind Beauty- Boris Pasternak           
• Buddhacharit- Asha Ghosh 
• Captive Lady- Michel Madhusudan Dutta    
• Causes of the Indian Mutiny- Sir Syyed Ahmed Khan             
• Coolie- Mulkraj Anand         
• Crisis of India- Ronal Segal
• Circle of the Region- Amitabha Ghosh          
• City of Job Charnak- Nisith Ranjan Roy         
• Commedy Errors- Shekhspear          
• Conversations with Myself- Nelson Mandela           
• Das Capital- Karl Marks        
• Death of President- W. Marchent   
• Decamaren- Bocachio           
• Desert Village- Oliver Goldsmith    
• Charitraheen- Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay             
• Chidambara- S. N. Panth     
• Divine Life- Sivanand            
• EconomNew India- Annie Besant    
• One Night @ the Call Centre- Chetan Bhagat            
• Padma Nadir Majhi- Manik Bandopadhyay 
• Devdas- Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay         
• Development as Freedom- Amartya Sen     
• Devi Chaudharani- Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye              
• Devine Comedi- Dante        
• Parineeta- Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay    
• Pather Panchali- Bibhuti BHushan Bandopadhaye  
• Poverty & Un-British Rule in India- Dadabhai Naoroji           
• Pratham Pratisruti- Ashapurna Devi
• Pakhtoon- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan             
• Palli Samaj- Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay  
• Paradise Lost- John Milton                 
• Precepts of Jesus- Ram Mohan Roy
• Principles of Sociology- Herbert Spencer    
• Prison Diary- Jay Prakash Narayan  
• Problems of the East- Lord Curzon  
• The Science of Bharat Natyam- Saroja Vaidyanathan             
• The Sense of an Ending- Julian Barnes          
• The Silent Cry- Kenjaburo Ue
• River of Smoke- Amitav Ghosh        
• The God of Small Things- Arundhuti Roy     
• The Harry Potter Series- J. K. Rowling           
• The Indian Struggle- Subash Chandra Bose
• Saket- Mathili Saran Gupta
• Satyarth Prakash- Swami Dayanand               
• Shadow Line- Amitabh Ghosh          
• The Indian War of Independence- V. D. Savarkar     
• The Judgement- Kuldip Nayar          
• Shadow of Ladakh- B. Bhattacharia 
• Shape of Things To Come- H. G. Wells          
• Sitaram- Bankim Chandra Chattopadhaye   
• Social Structure of Values- Radha Kamal Mukherjee              
• Straight from the Heart- Kapil Dev 
• Subarnalata- Ashapurna Devi            
• Tahakak - E - HInd- Albiruni               
• Talisman- Walter Scott        
• The Algebra of Infinite Justice- Arundhati Roy          
• The Bandit Queen- Mala Sen            
• The City of Joy- Dhominic Lapier     
• The Discovery of India- Jawahar Lal Nehru  
• Two Leaves and a Bud- Mulkraj Anand         
• Two Lives- Vikram Seth       
• The Masque of Africa- V. S. Naipaul               
• The Miracle of Democracy: India's Amazing Journey- Mr. T. S. Krishnamurthy           
• The Nadars of Tamil Nadu- D.N. Dhanagre  
• The Nehrus; Motilal and Jawaharlal-B. R. Nanda      
• The Prince- Maciavaly          
• Putul Nacher Itikatha- Manik Bandopadhyay             
• Races and Cultures of India- D.N. Majumdar              
• Rajtarangini- Kalhan              
• Ramcharit- S. K. Nandi          
• Rashmirathi- Ramdhari Singh Dinkar
• The Rediscovery of India- Meghnad Desai  
• The Satanic Verse- Salman Rushdi  
• Vision of the Past- Michel Madhu sudan Dutta
• The Spirit of Islam- Syyed Amir Ali 
• The White Tiger- Aravind Adiga       
• Theory of Relativity- Alexander Doma          
• Three Marketiars- Einstein
• To all fighters of freedom, Why Socialism?- J. P. Narayanic History of India-Ramesh Chandra Dutta
• Truth, Love and A Little Malice- Khushwant Singh   
• Unhappy India- L. Roy          
• Urbashi- R. D. Dinkar             
• Utopia- Thomas Moor          
• What Congress and Gandhi have done to the untouchables- B. R. Ambedkar            
• Wings of Fire- DR. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam           
• Volga Se Ganga- Rahul Sankritayan
• War and Peace- Tolstoy